First the development of content analysis is delineated and the basic principles are explained (units of analysis, step models, working with categories, validity and reliability). Aufl.). Pers Exp Psychother. We started the process of data analysis by choosing six interviews with participants with different age and treatment duration, and which were conducted by different interviewers. On the other side, almost one third of the participants (31%) described experiencing “a bit of relief ” (P23) right after the process and a positive “change of emotions” (P12), e.g. First the development of content analysis is delineated and the basic p... view more We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. We thank all research assistants and students, especially S. Hecht, D. Fiedler, C. Meine, and A. Richter for their engagement. The Content Analysis Guidebook. (18) on other BPD treatments, areas of perceived change included self-acceptance and self-confidence, new ways of relating to others, taking control of emotions and thoughts as well as implementing practical changes and developing hope. In: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 59. Göttingen Hogrefe. 60 – 87, Mayring, Philipp (2015): Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse (12. Because that's where I really, felt the mode changes in chair therapy. Philipp Mayring Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt Abstract and Figures The article describes an approach of systematic, rule guided qualitative text analysis, which tries to preserve some. Gerhards, J./Offerhaus, A./Roose, J. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Psychiatry 14:1180839. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1180839. Additional information on recruitment and procedures of the PRO*BPD study can be found in the study protocol (12). Yes, very empathetic” (P2). This is not surprising since in this qualitative research series patients with severe BPD were treated and IR focusses directly on memories of childhood trauma whereas chairwork mostly addresses difficult situations in the present. (2021). A qualitative analysis. US received royalty fees from Beltz, Herder, Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, and Springer; fees for workshops for Institutes associated with the Deutsche Fachverband für Verhaltenstherapie on psychotherapy topics; and was Vice President of the Deutsche Fachverband für Verhaltenstherapie (no honorarium). Levitt HM, Bamberg M, Creswell JW, Frost DM, Josselson R, Suárez-Orozco C. Journal article reporting standards for qualitative primary, qualitative meta-analytic, and mixed methods research in psychology: the APA publications and communications board task force report. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2652, 36. And that has changed a lot” (P1). I can express myself and say that, and I don't need to be ashamed, because it's something quite normal” (P26). All participants described helpful and hindering factors during the application of chairwork: Theme B.1: Factors that hindered chairwork. It was also described as emotionally activating and associated with the experience of emotional pain. Se presentan, además, las posibilidades de los programas de computación para apoyar los pasos del análisis cualitativo. The interviews lasted 36 to 148 min and were conducted face-to-face. PLoS ONE. Behav Cogn Psychother. Due to this setting, the participants were complex BPD patients with high BPD symptom severity and comorbidity. doi: 10.1080/14779757.2018.1472138, 20. Subsubtheme B.2.3.3 Therapist provides feelings of safety and support: Eleven participants (38%) stated that their therapists supported them and made them feel safe during chairwork e.g., by giving encouragement and praise: “Well, to convey a sense of safety, so you are really able to engage [in chairwork] without worries“ (P22). Some of these skills were described by our participants as helpful factors, too, including “feeding a sentence” (27), modeling and praise/encouragement. MAXQDA P. MAXQDA, Software for Qualitative Data Analysis. Philipp Mayring . In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung und Sozialisation ZSE, 37:3, 333 – 340. Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung und Sozialisation ZSE, 37:3 , 333-340. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. & Gahleitner, S. (2010). Wiesbaden: Springer. In B: Friebertshäuser, A. Langer & A. Prengel (Hrsg. In G. Mey & K. Mruck (Hrsg. [...] If you can't concentrate properly, you're out of it very quickly” (P3). New York: Springer. Two questions were added later (compare underlined items in Table 2) and assessed by telephone for the interviews already conducted. Also, in the study of Katsakou et al. Subtheme E7.1 Better physical wellbeing: Ten participants (35%) noticed an improvement of their physical wellbeing like more relaxation and less pain: “And I would also say that I am also physically more relaxed” (P26). Por último se discuten las posiblidades y limitaciones del enfoque.... view less, Der Beitrag beschreibt einen Ansatz systematischer, regelgeleiteter qualitativer Analyse von Text, der methodische Stärken der quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse teilweise übernimmt und zu einem qualitativ orientierten Instrumentarium ausweitet. 28. Heute wird für sie immer wieder ein angemessener Status in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Methodologie postuliert, aber auch problematisiert (z.B. (2000). London Sage. doi: 10.1037/int0000240. Glaeser-Zikuda, M. & Mayring, Ph. (pp. The interviews were conducted by four graduate students in psychology who were not involved in the treatment delivery and had no information about the study outcome. [...] some things that I accused them of. “At some point there were simply not enough chairs, or it was all the same chairs” (P9). Free Keywords Inhaltsanalysen und Interpretation. Qualitative approaches in research on learning and instruction. ), A companion to qualitative research (pp. Because the participants received chairwork in the context of ST it is difficult to attribute specific effects to specific techniques delivered in a complex treatment program. Reading the interviews helped to gain familiarity with the material, no coding categories were developed a priori. To consider varying experiences due to the stage of the therapeutic process we conducted interviews at different stages of therapy, beginning with 6 months into ST until the end of the program after 18 months. (Version 10). Qualitative content analysis – research instrument or mode of interpretation? London: Sage. Three participants explicitly indicated that the ”throwing out“ of the chair of the Punitive Parent Mode together with the therapist during chairwork particularly impressed them and that they were able to use this experience to limit Punitive Parent Mode later: “That was a very positive experience for me. (2007). Four participants (14%) also stated that they had a clearer view of themselves directly after the technique: “For me, the result was that I was able to understand myself better” (P8). Mixed Methods in der empirischen Bildungsforschung 1, 27-36, 2012. B. Transkripte von offenen Interviews (Helfferich, Kapitel 55 in diesem Band) oder Fokusgruppen (Vogl, Kapitel 58 in diesem Band), offene Fragen aus standardisierten Befragungen (Züll/Menold, Kapitel. doi: 10.1037/a0025749, 32. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. And yes, that helped me a lot” (P22). A balance between persistent encouragement to engage in chairwork on the one hand and emphasizing the patient's voluntariness on the other hand was described to be helpful. Mayring, P. (2000). First the development of content analysis is delineated and the basic principles are explained (units of analysis, step models, working with categories, validity and reliability). Overall, when patients were asked to weigh the costs and benefits of chairwork, the vast majority of participants (83%) felt that the benefits of chairwork outweighed the costs, with only one participant stating that the costs of chairwork were greater than the benefits. In particular, the feeling of being disturbed by noise is consistent with the findings of Schaich and colleagues (7). Chairwork also aims to enable the patient to create new emotional experiences and to achieve changes in dysfunctional schemas and modes. Facilitating factors reported included being provided with safety, warmth, and encouragement by the therapist, and being guided through the process of chairwork. Arntz A, Van Genderen H. Schema Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder. The observed effects were wide-ranging, as can be seen in the themes of this domain: Theme E.1: Emotional experiences changed into a positive direction. Die "Bürgerausstellung" ist durch ihre Verbindung sozialwissenschaftlicher, partizipativer und künstlerischer Elemente ein Umsetzungsbeispiel angewandter performativer Sozialwissenschaft. Giesen-Bloo J, Van Dyck R, Spinhoven P, Van Tilburg W, Dirksen C, Van Asselt T, et al. (Hg.). But additionally, being able to better deal with emotions, changes in cognitive processes to allow more effective problem solving, handling social interactions more healthily, being more compassionate and forgiving with oneself as well as being aware of one's needs are all qualities of the Healthy Adult. Abstract: Through its incorporation of socio-scientific, participative and artistic elements, the "Citizens' Exhibition" is an example of how applied performative social science can be implemented. “It doesn't stress me when I somehow see something that is actually [...] that I wouldn't have been able to do a year or two ago. und erw. Qualitative Drogen- und Suchtforschung — am Beispiel eines kulturpsychologischen Forschungsprojekts, Schlussbericht Teilhabe und Lebenslage von alternden Flüchtlingen und vorläufig Aufgenommenen Ein Projekt im Rahmen der Strategischen Initiative Alternde Gesellschaft, Ausbildungs-und Berufserfahrungen älterer Psychoanalytiker, Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse in der literaturdidaktischen Rezeptionsforschung: über die Herausforderung, Verstehensprozesse zu verstehen, Die Lebenswelt von Armut betroffener Menschen im Stadtbereich Siegen. Hillsdale/New York: Erlbaum, Alpen-Adria Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Österreich, Fachhochschule Kärnten, Villach, Österreich, You can also search for this author in Interestingly, participants described not only spending more time in Healthy Adult Mode, but also being able to switch to Healthy Adult Mode directly during chairwork (P21). Schwerpunkte neben den methodischen Arbeiten zur Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse sind Entwicklungspsychologie (Arbeitslosigkeit, Pensionierung), Emotionsforschung (Wohlbefinden), Pädagogische Psychologie (Lernen und Emotionen) und Neue Medien (Evaluation virtueller Lehrveranstaltungen). Effectiveness of predominantly group schema therapy and combined individual and group schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Download preview PDF. I am simply more aware of it, by knowing what it is. However, little is known about how people with BPD experience chairwork. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. Zugänge zur Sicht des Subjekts …, Qualitätsvoller Chemie - und Physikunterricht - normative und empirische Dimensionen. PRO* BPD: effectiveness of outpatient treatment programs for borderline personality disorder: a comparison of Schema therapy and dialectical behavior therapy: study protocol for a randomized trial. (2018) 73:26–46. . US deceased during the final phase of writing this manuscript. All authors but US revised the manuscript critically and approved the final version. Fenzl, T. and Mayring, P. (2009). Subtheme E7.2 More relaxed in difficult situations: Ten participants (35%) observed being more relaxed in difficult situations: “So now I can just be more relaxed about it and so on” (P21). Therapist is physically close during chairwork: Three participants (10%) stated that it helped them during chairwork that the therapist stayed physically close to them, kneeling, or sitting close to their chair in general, especially when working with the Vulnerable Child Mode: “She was always crouched at my side during the chair dialogues” (P23). Yes, it helped me to perceive emotions” (P29). KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, Bewältigungsformen nicht-angeborener Körperbehinderung bei Erwachsenen – Eine rekonstruktive empirisch-qualitative Studie in einem Heim für behinderte Menschen, Theoretische Grundlagen eines komplexen Modells der Arbeitszufriedenheit (KMA) – Eine theoretische Meta−Analyse, Das Sprachspiel des Online-Tutoring - Zur Unterstützung von Wissenskommunikation in lernenden Online-Gemeinschaften. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Qualitative studies also show that patients with BPD and other PDs value ST and its techniques as well as the benefits gained through treatment (5, 6). I simply just can't take it seriously” (P13). (S. 1278). Mayring, Ph. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 8(3), Art. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2016.1277040. The telephone interviews lasted between 2:34 and 24:04 min. Especially an internal orientation is widely used in ST, for example “interviewing” one schema mode (one chair) and mode dialogues (multiple chairs). Das Masterstudium „Sozial- und Humanökologie“. (2021) 14:180. doi: 10.1017/S1754470X21000180, 35. Instead, I have a box in front of my front door, where I usually put garden pads. AJ: drafting main body of the manuscript, revising manuscript following feedback, transcription, coding, involved in organization of logistics, data management, and recruitment of patients. Mayring, Ph. Mayring P. Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. London: Sage Publications (2012). 2000-2023 Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research (ISSN 1438-5627) Institut für Qualitative Forschung, Internationale Akademie Berlin gGmbH, Hosting: Center for Digital Systems, Freie Universität BerlinFunding 2023-2025 by the KOALA project. De Klerk and colleagues (5) reported correspondingly that their participants, patients with other PDs receiving ST as well as their therapists conducting ST, described the therapeutic relationship in general as a helpful factor in ST. (2014). (2003). A multilevel longitudinal meta-analysis. A few patients described external factors, including noise, interruptions and restricted facilities that hindered their engagement in chairwork. For our participants it was especially important that therapists were empathetic and dedicated during chairwork, suggested helpful messages, stopped the Punitive Parent Mode and were physically close and supportive especially when working with the Vulnerable Child Mode. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2013. Sympathetic. Subtheme A1.4 It takes time to understand and trust the technique: Furthermore, eleven participants (38%) described that they had trouble believing in the technique and were impatient at first: “The initial period was very difficult. The findings highlighted that patients found engaging in chairwork difficult in the beginning, and revealed for each part of the process difficulties and hindering factors as well as several helpful factors to overcome difficulties. Barnicot K, Redknap C, Coath F, Hommel J, Couldrey L, Crawford M. Patient experiences of therapy for borderline personality disorder: Commonalities and differences between dialectical behaviour therapy and mentalization-based therapy and relation to outcomes. ), Handbuch Qualitative Forschung in der Psychologie. In B. Friebertshäuser & A. Prengele (Hrsg. Dazu werden historische Entwicklungslinien der Inhaltsanalys... view more, Der Beitrag beschreibt einen Ansatz systematischer, regelgeleiteter qualitativer Analyse von Text, der methodische Stärken der quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse teilweise übernimmt und zu einem qualitativ orientierten Instrumentarium ausweitet. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Unable to display preview. & Rhöneck, C.v. (2003). Clin Psychol Psychother. Objective: Chairwork is one of the core experiential techniques of Schema Therapy (ST) which is used in the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse-ein Beispiel für Mixed Methods. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Inhaltsverzeichnis. Because since then I also try not to let this Punishing Mode into my apartment. Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. & Gläser-Zikuda, M. This paper contains the phenomenological description of the data based on the statements of the interviewed participants. Subtheme B1.3 Hindering internal factors: Subsubtheme B.1.3.1 Feeling embarrassed or ashamed: Eleven participants (38%) reported that a feeling of embarrassment or shame hindered them during chairwork:   “At the outset I always thought it was a little bit embarrassing” (P8). To sum up and analyze the findings and implications of the chairwork was described as important by almost one quarter of the participants (24%): “During the post-processing [...] she summed up the results, what just occurred [...] That was good for me” (P23). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Mayring, Philipp. Try again later. Three participants (10%) stated that planning something pleasant after the session was a helpful factor for them: “My therapist has always made sure after a difficult session that we discussed together what I can do after the therapy. Inhaltsanalyse. Subtheme E3.1 More openness in relationships, and improved expression of feelings and needs: More than half of the participants (55%) realized that they could better open up to others, especially that they improved their ability to express their own needs, wishes and emotions: “Yes, I am able to express clearer what I want and what I feel” (P12). However, these studies were broad in scope and asked about patients' experiences with ST in general. Göttingen: Hogrefe. Theoretical background and procedures. London: Sage. Front Psychol. The first engagement in chairwork took time and was difficult, but most participants were able to overcome these barriers. Ergebnisse eines systematischen Reviews einschlägiger Fachzeitschriften, Die Bürgerausstellung: Eine Kombination sozialwissenschaftlicher, partizipativer und künstlerischer Elemente, Qualitative Erhebungs- und Auswertungsmethoden zur Umsetzung qualitativ hochwertiger Evaluationen – Beitrag zum Baukastensystem für Evaluationen im Präventionsbereich der AUVA Bd. doi: 10.1037/a0022186, 33. Therapists' use of “process skills” (25) or “deepening techniques” (26) are described as important factors to ensure chairwork is effective. At the same time, it was verified that the actual statements of the participants were captured, and the text passages were of relevance to the research question. In our study chairwork was experienced as a valuable experiential technique by patients with BPD receiving ST, which the participants associated with many positive meaningful short- and long-term changes. Twenty-four participants (83%) reported that post-processing was important to them, as shown in the following themes: Theme C.1: Therapist takes enough time for post-processing. Qualitative Content Analysis: Demarcation, Varieties, Developments [30 paragraphs]. Beermann, Christian/ Bracker, Elisabeth/ Diao, Lan/ Gardemann, Christine/ Grein, Matthias/ Vasilieva, Liudmila (Hrsg.) Afterwards definitions of a sociology of architecture which were implemented in the Scientific Community were analysed in a second iteration. So, it took him a little bit of time and patience to kind of explain and illustrate the whole thing to me, and that was kind of the biggest hurdle in the beginning” (P23). Pugh M. Cognitive Behavioural Chairwork: Distinctive Features. Then the central procedures of qualitative content analysis, inductive development of categories and deductive application of categories, are worked out. This effect seems to be not limited to chairwork in ST. Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. They found that it “sounds quite strange” (P11). Restricted facilities (e.g., little space and lack of chairs) was also mentioned as hindering in the study of Pugh and colleagues (22). For the transparency and traceability of the process, a coding framework was developed. Subsubtheme B.2.1.4 Therapist provides assistance in visualizing the Vulnerable Child Mode: Five participants (17%) stated that their therapist helped them to visualize their Vulnerable Child Mode by using plushies or childhood pictures for example:   “My therapist always had a little lion sitting on a chair. In R. Buber & H.H. *Correspondence: Anna Katharina Josek, pt-praxis-josek@posteo.de, Schema Modes, Case Conceptualization and Psychotherapy Process: Qualitative Explorations of Clinical Practice, View all Mayring, Ph. ), Handbuch qualitative Methoden in der Sozialen Arbeit (S. 295-304). That was one of the formative events. Arntz A, Jacob GA. Schema Therapy in Practice: An Introductory Guide to the Schema Mode Approach. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1 (2000) 2, Licence NA provided workshops on schema therapy (Institut für Schematherapie Hamburg). (2020). Qualitative interview on components of schematherapy—Chairwork. “They were benevolent toward us. In A. Bikner-Ahsbahs, C. Knipping & N. Presmeg (Eds. And then I couldn't quite put myself in the others' [modes] shoes” (P11). In U. Flick, E.v. Come hold my hand and I'll take care of you.' Subsubtheme B.1.1.2 Therapist does not provide enough emotional support during chairwork: Three participants (10%) felt “too little emotional support” (P13) during chairwork and wished their therapist would have been “a bit more empathetic” (P1). Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Chemie und Physik (GDCP), 2018. Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Psychol Psychother Theory, Res Pract. The system of categories for the structuring content analysis – concerning the first research question – arose from the theoretically derived types. (2019). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206039, 7. Other reported long-term changes our participants described can be hypothesized to go hand in hand with a strengthening of the Healthy Adult Mode. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0002204, Abstract And I was so afraid and I wanted to protect myself from getting involved as we did a chair dialogue” (P8). While the majority of the interviewees were able to shift in and out of emotions by moving chairs, some participants experienced the emotions as overwhelming. Our participants described that suggesting helpful messages, stopping the Punitive Parent, and physical closeness of the therapist during chairwork, e.g., sitting or squatting next to them, provided a feeling of safety and being comforted when they were in the Vulnerable Child Mode. »Die computergestützte qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Ultimately, the most important goal is to strengthen the Healthy Adult Mode. “Yes, for example, I speak to little [participant's given name]. Forum Qualitative Social Research FQS, 1 (2). In M. Harring, C. Rohlfs & M. Gläser-Zikuda (Hrsg. Patients participating in PRO*BPD were contacted to take part in the qualitative study if they had received at least 5 months of ST, were willing to participate in the qualitative study and gave their informed consent. 13. [...] So, [I was] impatient, well, it just takes time to detect any changes at all. To our knowledge there are no other qualitative studies so far, that looked closely into the modification of modes through chairwork. Mayring, Ph. I tell her that everything is okay, that it's totally okay that she's sad right now” (P29). Table 1. The main focus of this research was the ‚sociology of architecture’ and ‚its’ methods. J Couns Psychol. Aufl.). ), Handbuch Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung (S. 543-556). A short and simple preparation phase, offering enough time for the implementation of chairwork as well as debriefing, was described as helpful. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Participants described various short- and long-term effects that occurred after using chairwork in ST, which they directly associated with chairwork. Auflage  (S. 494-502). Main inclusion criteria for the PRO*BPD trial were a primary diagnosis of BPD and age between 18 and 65 years. (Hrsg.). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse stellt eine Auswertungsmethode dar, die Texte bearbeitet, welche im Rahmen sozialwissenschaftlicher Forschungsprojekte in der Datenerhebung anfallen, z. (2021). DB: qualitative research counseling, involved in conception and design of the qualitative study, training of interviewers and coders in qualitative data assessment, and provided critical revision of the manuscript. 17. Früh, H. & Mayring, Ph. Schmitt, R. (1997). Subtheme E4.2 Reduced influence of dysfunctional thoughts: Eleven participants (38%) described that they were able to reevaluate their thoughts and do a “reality check” (P21): “So, I don't listen to punishing thoughts so much anymore. Zentrale qualitative Auswertungsverfahren. Aufl., Orig. Subtheme A1.1 Problems to take the technique seriously at first: Four participants (14%) reported initial difficulties in taking the chairwork seriously. Specific therapist behaviors as well as some external (e.g., restricted facilities, noise) and internal factors (especially feeling ashamed or ridiculous) were named as hindering factors. Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Chemie und Physik- Jahrestagung in Regensburg, 2017, Handbuch Qualitative Entwicklungspsychologie, Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: …, Naturwissenschaftliche Bildung als Grundlage für berufliche und gesellschaftliche Teilhabe. Untersuchung der Auswirkungen von demokratischen Personalprozessen auf den Sinn in der Arbeit, Stille Post — Eine computergestützte qualitative Inhaltsanalyse „Serieller Reproduktionen“ — Ein Werkstattbericht, Training and professional experiences of senior psychoanalysts, Flexibilisierungsstrategien für Produktionssysteme, Boelmann, Jan (2018) (Hrsg.
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